Dividing walls and hostilities abound in the stories of Anabaptist suffering and African American slavery. On one hand, the intolerance of magisterial authorities in Europe excluded Anabaptists when they chose counter-cultural expressions of faith—believers’ baptism, voluntary church membership, disengagement from the state, Jesus as lord and model, the Sermon on the Mount as normative. In Catholic, Lutheran, and Swiss Reformed regions, the sword of the state became the instrument of the church in its bloody ritual of discipline. As a consequence, Anabaptists were hunted, arrested, imprisoned, tortured, and some were executed by beheading, drowning, or burning. Authorities banished them from their homes and their properties confiscated.
On the other hand, Africans were stolen from their homeland, bound in chains, transported across the torturous Middle Passage, and sold to the highest bidder in the Americas. Savers, traders, and planters used the Bible in justification—the curse of Ham in Genesis 9, the patriarchs’ use of slavery, and the submission texts of Paul. The economic benefit of slavery, hugely profitable, outweighed all other concerns. They were whipped, maimed, and tortured, all made legal by the Slave Codes of both the North and the South.
Anabaptists were strangers and aliens in their own lands; enslaved Africans were strangers and aliens in a foreign land.
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